Extraction:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
In Vivo:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
Preserving:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
Multiple Displacement Amplification:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
Control:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
Inhibition:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
Activation Assay:Article Title: The Pharmacological Potential of Marantodes pumilum : A Comprehensive Review of Its Medicinal Properties.
Article Snippet: Extracts/Compound Study Design Treatment Dosage Findings References MP leaves Ethanol-aqueous extraction In vivo 40 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats and induction of OA by injecting mono-iodoacetate into the right knee joints 150 or 300 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks Multi-target chondroprotection through: (1) ↓ inflammatory mediators (NO, PTGS2) and ↑ IL-10 → anti-inflammatory action (2) ↓ collagenases (MMP-1/3) and proteoglycan release→ matrix preservation (3) ↓ trabecular spacing, porosity, and cartilage fissures → relatively intact cartilage surfaces→ structural maintenance [57] MP var. alata aqueous extraction In vivo 42 ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg/day, orally for 30 days Adipokine modulation → ↑ leptin and ↓ resistin levels → improved metabolic profile with ↓ weight gain and preserved uterus weight ratio→ mitigating obesity-related bone loss [58] ALP: alkaline phosphatase; Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein; BMD: bone mineral density; BMP-2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; CAT: catalase; CASP3: caspase-3; COL10a1: collagen type X alpha 1; Conn.D: connectivity density; Ct.Th: cortical thickness; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide; DM: diabetes mellitus; Dvl: dishevelled protein; ERα/ERβ: oestrogen receptor alpha/beta; ES/BS: eroded surface/bone surface; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-10: interleukin-10; LPO: lipid peroxidation; LRP5: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-1/3: matrix metalloproteinase 1/3; MMP-13: matrix metalloproteinase 13; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; NO: nitric oxide; NQO-1: NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; OA: osteoarthritis; ObS/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; Ocn: osteocalcin OcS/BS: osteoclast surface/bone surface; OPG: osteoprotegerin; OS/BS: osteoid surface/bone surface; Osx: osterix; OV/BV: osteoid volume/bone volume; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PTGS2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2); RANKL: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; Runx2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SMI: structure model index; SOD: superoxide dismutase; STZ: streptozotocin; TbN: trabecular number; TbSp: trabecular separation.
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